Connecting to MongoDB in Java

In this tutorial, we will show you how to develop a simple Java application to connect MongoDB database and perform query, insert, update and delete operations using MongoDB Java driver.

What We Used

• Oracle JDK 1.8
• Apache Maven 3.3.9
• MongoDB 3.2.9
• MongoDB Java Driver 3.2.2

1. Create Java Project

Execute the following command to create a simple Java project with Maven:

mvn archetype:generate
          -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
          -DgroupId=com.chankok.mongodb
          -DartifactId=java-mongodb
          -Dversion=1.0.0
          -Dpackage=com.chankok.mongodb
          -DinteractiveMode=false

Maven will automatically create the following Java classes, you have to remove it manually from the project folder:

• com.chankok.mongodb.App.java
• com.chankok.mongodb.AppTest.java

2. Edit pom.xml

Add MongoDB Java driver dependency in pom.xml.

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <name>java-mongodb</name>

    <groupId>com.chankok.mongodb</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-mongodb</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
                <artifactId>mongodb-driver</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3. Connect to MongoDB

Connect to the local MongoDB server with default port 27017.

MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient();

Connect to the MongoDB server with specific host and port.

MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("192.168.0.1", 27018);

Connect to the MongoDB server using MongoDB connection URI.

MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://localhost:27017"));

4. Get Database

Get the test database.

MongoDatabase testDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("test");

5. Get Collection

Get the users collection.

MongoCollection usersCollection = database.getCollection("users");

6. Insert Data

Insert a new user document into the users collection.

Document user = new Document("username", "chankok")
        .append("password", "1234567")
        .append("email", "chankok@email.com");

usersCollection.insertOne(user);

Tip: If the collection does not exists in database, this operation will create the collection.

7. Query Data

Find the user document by document ID _id using Filters class eq method.

Document user = usersCollection.find(eq("_id", id)).first();

8. Update Data

Update the user document where it equal to the specific document ID with new password.

Document user = new Document("password", "7654321");

usersCollection.updateOne(eq("_id", id), new Document("$set", user));

9. Delete Data

Delete a user document where it equal to the specific document ID.

usersCollection.deleteOne(eq("_id", id));

10. Close Connection

Close the MongoDB connection.

mongoClient.close();

11. Run Application

Execute the following command to run the application:

mvn compile exec:java
          -Dexec.mainClass=com.chankok.mongodb.Application
          -Dexec.cleanupDaemonThreads=false

Java Codes

UserDao.java

package com.chankok.mongodb;

import org.bson.Document;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;

import com.mongodb.MongoWriteException;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

import static com.mongodb.client.model.Filters.eq;

public class UserDao {

    private final MongoCollection  usersCollection;

    public UserDao(final MongoDatabase database) {
        // Get users collection
        usersCollection = database.getCollection("users");
    }

    /*
     * Insert new user
     */
    public Document addUser(String username, String password, String email) {
        Document user = new Document("username", username)
            .append("password", password)
            .append("email", email);

        try {
            usersCollection.insertOne(user);
        } catch (MongoWriteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

            return null;
        }

        return user;
    }

    /*
     * Find user by ID
     */
    public Document findUser(ObjectId id) {
        Document user = usersCollection.find(eq("_id", id)).first();

        return user;
    }

    /*
     * Update user
     */
    public void updateUser(ObjectId id, Document user) {
        usersCollection.updateOne(eq("_id", id), new Document("$set", user));
    }

    /*
     * Delete user
     */
    public void deleteUser(ObjectId id) {
        usersCollection.deleteOne(eq("_id", id));
    }

}

Application.java

package com.chankok.mongodb;

import org.bson.Document;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoClientURI;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;

/**
 * A simple MongoDB application
 * - Connecting to MongoDB database
 * - Perform query, insert, update and delete operations
 * 
 * @author chankok
 */
public class Application {

    /**
     * Main method to start the MongoDB application
     * 
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Application();
    }

    public Application() {
        try {
            // Connect to MongoDB
            MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://localhost:27017"));
            //MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient();
            System.out.println("Connect to MongoDB");

            // Get database
            MongoDatabase testDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("test");
            System.out.println("Get test database");

            // User collection DAO
            UserDao userDao = new UserDao(testDatabase);
            System.out.println("Get users collection");

            // Insert new user
            Document addedUser = userDao.addUser("chankok", "1234567", "chankok@email.com");
            System.out.println("Insert user: " + addedUser);

            // Find new added user by ID
            Document user = userDao.findUser(addedUser.getObjectId("_id"));
            System.out.println("Find user: " + user);

            // Update user password
            userDao.updateUser(user.getObjectId("_id"), new Document("password", "7654321"));

            // Find updated user by ID
            Document updatedUser = userDao.findUser(user.getObjectId("_id"));
            System.out.println("Updated user: " + updatedUser);

            // Delete user
            userDao.deleteUser(updatedUser.getObjectId("_id"));

            // Close MongoDB client
            mongoClient.close();
            System.out.println("Close MongoDB connection");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

Output

The following output will be generated:

Connect to MongoDB
Get test database
Get users collection
Insert user: Document{{username=chankok, password=1234567, email=chankok@email.com, _id=5806422e31cc0e04701fcde8}}
Find user: Document{{_id=5806422e31cc0e04701fcde8, username=chankok, password=1234567, email=chankok@email.com}}
Updated user: Document{{_id=5806422e31cc0e04701fcde8, username=chankok, password=7654321, email=chankok@email.com}}
Close MongoDB connection

Project Directory Structure

The project directory structure should look as follows:

Summary

Congratulation! You have learned how to connect to MongoDB server and perform query, insert, update, delete operations using MongoDB Java driver.

Other Resources

• MongoDB – Getting Started with MongoDB (Java Edition)